Paxillus involutus
f. cul. inedulis-incognita
f. cul.
Paxillus involutus f. cul. inedulis-incognita
inedulis: NO RESIDUAL IS ACCEPTABLE, so no method is offered -- and no chemistry is established to state in front of the warning. The word is about the ENDPOINT, not the route: a route may well exist and the word still applies, because the reduction cannot be taken low enough. Where the chemistry IS established the term is compounded, as `solubilis-fickeana-inedulis`. Bare `inedulis` says only that no residual is acceptable and that nothing is yet known about how the molecule behaves.
On Gate 0, Medicinal Use, The Complete Table.
GBIF: photographs, names and where it has been found.
Sources
| Li et al. 2021 | 2 reports of eating without harm Li H, Tian Y, Menolli N Jr, Ye L, Karunarathna SC, Perez-Moreno J, Rahman MM, Rashid MH, Phengsintham P, Rizal L, Kasuya T, Lim YW, Dutta AK, Khalid AN, Huyen LT, Balolong MP, Baruah G, Madawala S, Thongklang N, Hyde KD, Kirk PM, Xu J, Sheng J, Boa E, Mortimer PE (2021). Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: a new evidence-based classification system. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20: 1982-2014. Supplementary Table S1. link |
| Boa E 2004 | ‘edible’ — Annex 3 Boa E R (2004). Wild edible fungi: a global overview of their use and importance to people. Non-Wood Forest Products 17. Rome: FAO. ISBN 92-5-105157-7. link |
| Wu et al. 2026 | ‘药用(有毒)’ medicinal, possibly poisonous — entry 860, 卷边桩菇; marked 有毒: a lead, not a record Wu F, Liu SB, Wang XH, Zhang M, Yang ZL, Dai YC (2026). 中国食药用菌物种编目 [Species cataloging of edible and medicinal fungi in China]. 菌物学报 Mycosystema 45(1): 250237. link |
| Wu et al. 2019 | ‘Treating lumbago and skelalgia, limb numbness’ — Wu et al. 2019, Table 1, p. 33, citing Dai et al. 2009 Wu F, Zhou L-W, Yang Z-L, Bau T, Li T-H, Dai Y-C (2019). Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species. Fungal Diversity 98: 1-76. doi:10.1007/s13225-019-00432-7. Table 1, 'Medicinal fungi and their function(s)'. link |
| Xu et al. 2023 | ‘食药兼用’ edible and medicinal — Xu et al. 2023, Appendix 1, no. 403 Xu W-Q, Li Y, Li H-J, Liu D-M, Yang N, Zhang Q, He S-H (2023). 北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价 [Species diversity and resource evaluation of macrofungi in Beijing]. 生物多样性 Biodiversity Science 31(10): 23196. link |
Gate 0. Molecules of concern: M15 Involutin; M44 Unidentified Paxillus antigen
Medicinal Use. Medicinal use: Treating lumbago and skelalgia, limb numbness (Wu et al. 2019, Table 1, p. 33, citing Dai et al. 2009). Listed as medicinal: Wu et al. 2026, 药用(有毒) ‘medicinal, possibly poisonous’; Xu et al. 2023, 食药兼用 ‘edible and medicinal’. Gate 0: not to be eaten.
Cite this pageRubel, William. 2026. “Paxillus involutus.” Taxonomy of Toxins. Last modified 24 October 2026. https://taxonomyoftoxins.com/species/paxillus-involutus/