Boletus edulis
f. cul. innocuus-crudus
f. cul.
Boletus edulis f. cul. innocuus-crudus
innocuus-crudus: eaten raw by published tradition, AND carrying no molecule of concern. A raw tradition is not an exemption from cooking: these species are cooked far more often than they are eaten raw, and the cooking is for digestion, never rescue.
On The Innocuus List, Innocuus Crudus, Medicinal Use, The Complete Table.
GBIF: photographs, names and where it has been found.
Sources
| Li et al. 2021 | 45 reports of eating without harm Li H, Tian Y, Menolli N Jr, Ye L, Karunarathna SC, Perez-Moreno J, Rahman MM, Rashid MH, Phengsintham P, Rizal L, Kasuya T, Lim YW, Dutta AK, Khalid AN, Huyen LT, Balolong MP, Baruah G, Madawala S, Thongklang N, Hyde KD, Kirk PM, Xu J, Sheng J, Boa E, Mortimer PE (2021). Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: a new evidence-based classification system. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20: 1982-2014. Supplementary Table S1. link |
| Boa E 2004 | ‘food(m)’ — Annex 3 Boa E R (2004). Wild edible fungi: a global overview of their use and importance to people. Non-Wood Forest Products 17. Rome: FAO. ISBN 92-5-105157-7. link |
| Wu et al. 2026 | ‘食用’ edible — entry 750, 牛肝菌 Wu F, Liu SB, Wang XH, Zhang M, Yang ZL, Dai YC (2026). 中国食药用菌物种编目 [Species cataloging of edible and medicinal fungi in China]. 菌物学报 Mycosystema 45(1): 250237. link |
| Wu et al. 2019 | ‘E’ — Wu et al. 2019, Table 1, p. 8: E (edible) Wu F, Zhou L-W, Yang Z-L, Bau T, Li T-H, Dai Y-C (2019). Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species. Fungal Diversity 98: 1-76. doi:10.1007/s13225-019-00432-7. Table 1, 'Medicinal fungi and their function(s)'. link |
| Xu et al. 2023 | ‘食用’ edible — Xu et al. 2023, Appendix 1, no. 39 Xu W-Q, Li Y, Li H-J, Liu D-M, Yang N, Zhang Q, He S-H (2023). 北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价 [Species diversity and resource evaluation of macrofungi in Beijing]. 生物多样性 Biodiversity Science 31(10): 23196. link |
Innocuus Crudus. Eaten raw, as recorded by Regione Piemonte 2013.
Medicinal Use. Listed as medicinal: Boa 2004, Annex 3, (m); Boa 2004, Annex 3, food(m). Also eaten as food: on the Innocuus List.
Cite this pageRubel, William. 2026. “Boletus edulis.” Taxonomy of Toxins. Last modified 24 October 2026. https://taxonomyoftoxins.com/species/boletus-edulis/